An gabatar da ƙananan ramukan haƙa lu'u-lu'u na Polycrystalline (PDC) da PDC a kasuwa tsawon shekaru da dama. A cikin wannan dogon lokaci, injin yanke PDC da injin haƙa PDC sun fuskanci koma-baya da yawa a farkon matakansu, kuma sun sami babban ci gaba. A hankali amma a ƙarshe, injinan PDC sun maye gurbin ƙananan ramukan da ci gaba da ingantawa a cikin injin yanke PDC, kwanciyar hankali na bit, da tsarin hydraulic bit. Bits ɗin PDC yanzu sun mamaye fiye da kashi 90% na jimlar hotunan haƙa a duniya.
Kamfanin General Electric (GE) ne ya fara ƙirƙiro PDC Cutter a shekarar 1971. An yi amfani da fasahar yanke PDC ta farko a masana'antar mai da iskar gas a shekarar 1973, kuma bayan shekaru 3 na gwaji da gwaji a fannin, an fara amfani da ita a kasuwanci a shekarar 1976 bayan an tabbatar da cewa ta fi inganci fiye da yadda ake amfani da na'urorin yanke maɓallan carbide.
A farkon lokaci, tsarin na'urar yanke PDC kamar haka ne: zagayen carbide, (diamita 8.38mm, kauri 2.8mm), da kuma layin lu'u-lu'u (kauri 0.5mm ba tare da chamfer a saman ba). A wancan lokacin, akwai kuma na'urar yanke "slug system" ta Compax. Tsarin wannan na'urar yanke PDC kamar haka ne: na'urar haɗa PDC compax zuwa na'urar yanke carbide mai siminti don ya fi sauƙi a saka shi a kan na'urar haƙa ƙarfe, ta haka yana kawo ƙarin sauƙi ga mai tsara na'urar haƙa rami.
A shekarar 1973, kamfanin GE ya gwada farkon injin PDC a cikin wani rijiya a yankin King Ranch da ke kudancin Texas. A lokacin gwajin aikin haƙa, an yi la'akari da cewa akwai matsalar tsaftace injin. Haƙora uku sun gaza a wurin haɗin brazed, kuma wasu haƙora biyu sun karye tare da ɓangaren tungsten carbide. Daga baya, kamfanin ya gwada injin haƙa na biyu a yankin Hudson na Colorado. Wannan injin haƙa ya inganta tsarin hydraulic don matsalar tsaftacewa. Injin ya sami mafi kyawun aiki a cikin tsarin sandstone-shale tare da saurin haƙa mai sauri. Amma akwai wasu karkacewa da yawa daga hanyar da aka tsara yayin haƙa rami, kuma ƙaramin asarar injinan yanke PDC har yanzu ya faru saboda haɗin brazing.
A watan Afrilun 1974, an gwada wani injin haƙa rami na uku a yankin San Juan da ke Utah, Amurka. Wannan injin ya inganta tsarin haƙori da siffar injin. Ɗan ƙaramin ya maye gurbin injinan ƙarfe da ke cikin rijiyar da ke kusa da shi, amma bututun ya faɗi kuma injin ya lalace. A lokacin, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin yana faruwa ne kusa da ƙarshen haƙa rami don samun tauri, ko kuma matsala da bututun ya faɗa ta haifar.
Daga 1974 zuwa 1976, kamfanoni daban-daban na injinan haƙa rami da 'yan kasuwa sun tantance ci gaba daban-daban a fannin na'urar yanke bututun PDC. Matsaloli da dama da ake da su sun mayar da hankali ne kan bincike. Irin waɗannan sakamakon bincike an haɗa su da sinadarai a cikin haƙoran Stratapax PDC, waɗanda GE ta ƙaddamar a watan Disamba na 1976.
Sauya sunan daga Compax zuwa Stratapax ya taimaka wajen kawar da rudani a masana'antar bit tsakanin bit tare da tungsten carbide compacts, da diamond Compax.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, mutane sun fara amfani da fasahar chamfering sosai a kan haƙoran yanke PDC, an karɓi fasahar multi-chamfer a cikin nau'in haƙƙin mallaka a shekarar 1995. Idan aka yi amfani da fasahar chamfering daidai, juriyar karyewar haƙoran yanke PDC za ta iya ƙaruwa da kashi 100%.
A shekarun 1980, Kamfanin GE (Amurka) da Kamfanin Sumitomo (Japan) sun yi nazarin cire cobalt daga saman aikin haƙoran PDC don inganta aikin haƙoran. Amma ba su sami nasarar kasuwanci ba. Daga baya Hycalog (Amurka) ta sake haɓaka wata fasaha kuma ta ba da izinin mallaka. An tabbatar da cewa idan za a iya cire kayan ƙarfe daga gibin hatsi, za a inganta yanayin zafin haƙoran PDC sosai don haka bit ɗin zai iya haƙa mafi kyau a cikin tsauraran tsari da kuma tsatsa. Wannan fasahar cire cobalt tana inganta juriyar lalacewa na haƙoran PDC a cikin tsarukan duwatsu masu tauri da kuma faɗaɗa kewayon aikace-aikacen bits na PDC.
Tun daga shekarar 2000, amfani da bits na PDC ya faɗaɗa cikin sauri. Tsarin da ba za a iya haƙa shi da bits na PDC ba ya fara samun damar haƙa shi a hankali ta hanyar amfani da bits na PDC a fannin tattalin arziki da aminci.
Ya zuwa shekarar 2004, a masana'antar haƙa rami, kuɗaɗen shiga na kasuwar haƙa ramin haƙa ramin PDC sun mamaye kusan kashi 50%, kuma nisan haƙa ramin ya kai kusan kashi 60%. Wannan ci gaban ya ci gaba har zuwa yau. Kusan duk waɗanda ake amfani da su a yanzu a Arewacin Amurka haƙa ramin PDC ne.
A takaice dai, tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi a shekarun 1970 kuma ya fuskanci raguwar ci gabansa, masu yanke PDC sun ci gaba da haɓaka ci gaba da masana'antar haƙa rami don bincike da haƙa mai da iskar gas. Tasirin fasahar PDC akan masana'antar haƙa rami yana da girma sosai.
Sabbin masu shiga kasuwar haƙoran PDC masu inganci, da kuma manyan kamfanonin haƙoran, suna ci gaba da jagorantar gyare-gyare da kirkire-kirkire na kayan kirkire-kirkire da hanyoyin samarwa ta yadda za a ci gaba da inganta aikin haƙoran haƙoran PDC da na PDC.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-07-2023